What’s next for Vietnam-US Comprehensive Strategic Partnership?
WVR - The economic aspect of the Vietnam-US Comprehensive Strategic Partnership comes in addition to the numerous other areas of strengthened cooperation, including diplomatic, scientific, cultural, and educational.
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| Party General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong holds talks with US President Joe Biden in Hanoi on September 10, 2023. (Photo: WVR/Nguyen Hong) |
During US President Joe Biden’s visit to Vietnam on 10 September 2023, leaders from both countries officially elevated Vietnam-US relations to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP).
The CSP between the US and Vietnam is expected to bring several economic benefits to Vietnam, most notably, increased foreign direct investment (FDI), trade expansion, technology transfer, supply chain diversification, improved infrastructure through US investment, and cooperation for sustainable development.
The economic aspect of the CSP comes in addition to the numerous other areas of strengthened cooperation, including diplomatic, scientific, cultural, and educational.
New impetus for US investments in Vietnam
The US economy is based on innovation and is widely regarded as the leader in high tech industries. Therefore, the US is a suitable partner when it comes to Vietnam’s ambition to achieve high-income country status by 2050 through replacing low value-added industries with high-tech and high value-added industries.
It is important to note that Senior Gxecutives from Google, Intel, Amkor, Marvell, GlobalFoundries and Boeing joined a US-Vietnam Innovation and Investment Summit following the announcement of the CSP. The business roundtable was also attended by executives from numerous large Vietnamese companies.
First big announcements in terms of cooperation and FDIs linked to the CSP have been announced already. Nvidia and Microsoft will start large AI projects in Vietnam. California-based groups Synopsys and Marvell announced the construction of semiconductor design centres in Ho Chi Minh City. The US and Vietnam governments have also launched semiconductor workforce development initiatives, which are initially funded by the US government with $2 million.
Interestingly, FDI from the US into Vietnam has been at relatively low levels given the economic heft of the US. The US ranks around the 6th country over the past years, behind Singapore, Korea, and China. But this may be a result of US companies preferring to do FDIs through their foreign subsidiaries or guiding their suppliers to diversify their supply chain, such as Apple’s key supplier Foxconn (a Taiwanese company) investing in Vietnam.
That being said, we can expect an increase in FDI by US firms following this agreement. The increased support to US firms from their government to guide investments in Vietnam will facilitate the decision in board rooms to allocate capital and other resources to Vietnam.
And surely, we can expect positive knowledge spillover effects in addition to the more formal technology transfer effects. These spillover effects which usually increase the competitiveness of domestic firms are crucial for the next stage of growth of Vietnamese firms. This stage is about competing on the global scale and therefore requires best management and manufacturing practice.
Getting ready to attract investors
On a basic level, Vietnam needs to continue to improve its business environment to make it more attractive for foreign investors. This includes reducing bureaucratic red tape, ensuring the rule of law, and protecting property rights.
On a more specific level, many studies show the important role of supporting industries when attracting FDI. By developing its supporting industries in high tech, Vietnam can attract companies that rely on these industries.
What are supporting industries in high tech? This can be education institutions that focus on microchip design, coding, electronic engineering, advanced fields in medicine, and others. Many specialised component manufacturers are surely part of critical support industries.
For example, Bac Ninh province has been proactive in encouraging domestic companies to receive technology transfer, upskill their labour force, and also adhere to best practices in manufacturing since Samsung’s initial FDI in the province. From 2012 to 2023, the number of Bac Ninh-based companies supplying high tech components have increased drastically from 126 to 600. As a result, numerous other high tech FDIs have been in that province in recent years.
These FDIs include Foxconn producing components for Apple, Dell, and Sony; Canon producing printers and scanners; and Microsoft producing Surface tablets. One should not forget that there are also “low-tech” activities that are crucial parts of high-tech clusters. One such example is high-quality packaging companies that understand the requirements in the consumer electronics industry, or logistics companies that can handle sensitive goods reliably.
The case of Bac Ninh’s high-tech cluster provides a roadmap to what the comprehensive strategic partnership with the US can unlock on a national scale: if Vietnam can support domestic firms to be reliable partners and suppliers to incoming FDIs, the future looks bright for Vietnam’s continued transition towards higher-value manufacturing and becoming an increasingly important part of the global high-tech value chain.
* Dr Burkhard Schrage, Senior Program Manager, MBA/EMBA programs, The Business School, RMIT University Vietnam
Dr Burkhard Schrage is a senior academic, business leader, and former investment banker. Born and raised in Germany, he studied and worked in France, the United States, Brazil and Singapore before moving to Vietnam in 2012. His rich industry experience influences his teaching and research, which focuses on strategic management, corporate governance and the political economy.
